Aiming at the problem that a large number of room mining failure areas left by the early mining of shallow coal seams seriously affect the normal mining of the working face at this stage, taking the occurrence and mining conditions of the 15301 working face of No.5-1 coal seam in Wujiagou Coal Mine as the research background, the coal mine exploration robot and the airborne three-dimensional laser scanning system are used to explore the three room mining areas near the 15301 auxiliary transportation roadway. The instability mechanism of the room mining failure area is studied, and the support strength of the failure area is determined. Through the experiment of different proportions of filling materials, the reasonable filling scheme is determined. Combined with the exploration of filling effect, the technology of safe and rapid passage through the filling area is proposed. The research and practice show that when the support strength Pk≥2.1 MPa in the failure zone, the instability of the failure zone can be avoided. It is determined that the main filling material is filling material I with cement and fly ash mixing ratio of 3:7 and water cement ratio of 1:(0.8~1.2), which is the main material to meet the filling of Wujiagou Coal Mine ; after the filling of the room mining area, the safe and fast passing through the filling area technology was used to successfully complete the filling and remining of the room mining failure area of the 15301 working face, and good technical and economic benefits were obtained. It provides technical reference for shallow coal seam mining under similar conditions.